192 Banned Performance Enhancing Substances and Methods
with Pros & Cons of Their Health Effects
The International Olympic Committee and the US Olympic Committee are among 625 sports organizations worldwide (106 KB) (as of Dec. 19, 2008) that have adopted the World Anti-Doping Agency's (WADA) "Code" banning 192 performance enhancing substances and methods. Drugs are added and removed from this list by WADA annually.
Each sports organization that adopts the "Code" is also responsible for enforcing it through drug testing and non-compliance penalties. Several sports leagues, including the National Football League (NFL), Major League Baseball (MLB), and the National Basketball Association (NBA), have not adopted WADA's "Code."
The chart below lists all 192 banned substances and methods along with their pro and con health effects. [Note: Do not rely on this chart for legal or medical advice.]
III. BETA-2 AGONISTS (1) • intravenous injection •
Health Effects
Pro
Con
All beta-2 agonists including their D- and L- isomers (except formoterol, salbutamol, salmeterol and terbutaline when administered by inhalation and Therapeutic Use Exemption is obtained)
Enhances athletic performance in the following ways:
aerobic exercise improvement
fat reduction
muscle growth
Used medically to treat the following symptom and disease:
enhancement of oxygen transfer (i.e. blood doping and artificially enhancing the uptake, transport or delivery of oxygen)
Enhances athletic performance in the following ways:
endurance performance improvement
ability to perform better at higher altitudes
allergic reactions if wrong blood type is used
blood poisoning
cardiac output decrease
contraction of infectious diseases such as viral hepatitis, malaira, cytomegalovirus, or HIV
death
heart failure
hypertension
immune system overload
infection
intravascular clotting
iron overload
kidney damage
platelet count reduction
sexual dysfunction
thrombosis
transient fever
chemical and physical manipulation
Chemical and physical manipulation of samples can include tampering with samples, substitution and/or alteration of urine, catheterisation, and intravenous infusion. Such manipulation can allow athletes to benefit from the use of performance enhancing drugs without testing positive for prohibited substances.
Intravenous infusion is also prohibited unless there is an acute medical situation (i.e. acute blood loss) in which the use of this method is necessary.
Substances and methods that are prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency's (WADA)"2008 Prohibited List International Standard" (147 KB) are not limited to those specifically enumerated above. Please refer to WADA's Prohibited List (147 KB) for banned related metabolites and isomers of substances, exceptions, classification of drugs and methods as prohibited in and/or out of competition or for specific sports, and the systematic International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) names of the substances.
The pros and cons of the health effects provided in our chart were compiled from the following sources unless otherwise noted:
(as of Dec. 19, 2008) that have adopted the